关键字：2008,SIGN,慢性肾脏病,诊断,治疗,指南,英文,Diagnosis,management,chronic kidney disease,CKD,危险因素,

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简介：This guideline covers three main areas. Firstly, the evidence for the association of specific risk factors with CKD is presented to help dentify which individuals are more likely to develop CKD. Secondly, guidance is provided on how to diagnose CKD principally using blood and rine tests. Thirdly, the guideline contains recommendations on how to slow the progression of CKD and how to reduce the risk of ardiovascular disease.The management of complications of CKD, such as anaemia and bone disease, is also discussed.Evidence for the best psychological and social support for patients and what information they need to take an optimal part in the management of their condition has been identified and incorporated.