关键字：2008,英国,慢性肾脏病,指南,早期识别,管理,CKD,定义,分期,贫血,高血压,肾小球滤过率

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简介：CKD is common, usually asymptomatic, often unrecognised and as a result subject to deficiencies in appropriate management and late referral of people with advanced disease to specialist services. A number of tools have recently been introduced to help identify people with CKD and aid early intervention and appropriate management to reduce/prevent complications and progression of CKD.