Due to the increasing threat of resistant pathogens worldwide, it has become imperative to limit the use of  antibiotics, and consequently, to monitor established treatment strategies closely. It is the ambition of the present guidelines to provide both the urologist and the physician from other medical specialties with advices  in their daily practice. The guidelines cover male and female UTIs, male genital infections, and special fields  such as UTIs in paediatric urology, immunosuppression, renal insufficiency and kidney transplant recipients.  Much attention is given to antibiotic prophylaxis, with the aim of reducing the misuse of antibiotics in  conjunction with surgery. High quality clinical research is strongly encouraged.