Infectious complications remain the most significant  cause for morbidity in pediatric patients receiving
chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although prophylactic measures have led to improved results in some
centers, the frequency of peritonitis in children on PD  continues to exceed that seen in adults, and peritonitis  remains the most common reason for changing dialysis  modality in children (1,2). The serious nature of  this infection led to the creation and publication in  2000 of the Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of  Peritonitis in Pediatric Patients Receiving Peritoneal  Dialysis (3), under the auspices of the International  Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD). Those largely  opinion-based guidelines were composed by an international committee of experts in the field of pediatric  dialysis and served as the first such set of recommendations specific to the pediatric PD population. After  the publication of those guidelines, the International  Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (IPPR) was established to support evaluations of the impact of implementing the guidelines on a global basis and to collect  data to serve as evidence upon which future guidelines could be based. Data generated from 501 episodes of
peritonitis were collected by the IPPR and serve as a  foundation for many of the recommendations made in the  present publication。